Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the drug thromboprophylaxis applied to high-risk clinical patients through the literature. Methodology: Integrative literature review carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL): Latin American and Caribbean System of information in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). We selected scientific studies published in the last 10 years, full studies, whose publication covers the period from 2007 to 2017. The following terms were used: "Venous thromboembolism", "Thromboprophylaxis", "Hospitalization". Results: After comparing the results found with the literature review, we observed that there is a frequent occurrence of venous thromboembolism in elderly patients, as a type of thromboembolic complication due to time in the bed, lack of ambulation, can also affect patients in post -operators undergoing bariatric surgery, increased frequency in laparotomies, female pelvic surgeries and operations of great magnitude, in which the first symptom was pulmonary embolism. Primary prevention is essential, and in this way, thromboprophylaxis assumes a prominent role in the hospital setting, as a method to prevent injuries. Final considerations: Venous thromboembolism is a secondary condition of hospitalization, the manifestation of which may be considered as potentially serious, resulting from changes in venous and blood stasis in the so-called hypercoagulable states. Preventive identification and the application of pharmacological measures or mechanical physical methods should be individualized and appropriate according to the specific characteristics of each patient, evidencing the importance of the multidisciplinary team, increasing the possibility of patient survival.