Keywords
Treatment
Non-melanoma skin cancer
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Abstract
Objective: To critically synthesize the mechanisms of action and the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer, highlighting modes of use, therapeutic combinations, emerging formulations, and clinical impact based on studies published over the last five years. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted, with searches in national and international databases, including studies published between 2020 and 2025. Clinical and observational studies, systematic reviews, case reports, and experimental research addressing the use of 5-fluorouracil in the prevention or treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer and precursor cutaneous lesions were included. Results: Thirteen studies were included, encompassing different countries and methodological designs. 5-fluorouracil demonstrated consistent efficacy across multiple approaches, including topical and intralesional administration, as well as combined therapies. Notable associations included calcipotriol, cetuximab, photothermal therapies, and advanced drug delivery systems. A significant reduction in lesions, a favorable safety profile, and preventive potential against malignant progression were observed, particularly in actinic keratoses and early-stage cutaneous carcinomas. Final considerations: 5-fluorouracil represents an effective and versatile therapeutic option in the management of non-melanoma skin cancer, with promising perspectives linked to novel formulations and combined strategies, reinforcing the need for robust clinical studies to consolidate its use.
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