Keywords
Postoperative complications
Urinary bladder neoplasms
Perioperative period
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze acute postoperative complications (up to 30 days) in patients undergoing cystectomy at a tertiary oncology center in Northern Brazil between January 2020 and December 2024.
Methods: Observational, retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study based on the review of medical records of patients who underwent radical cystectomy in a tertiary hospital. Patients with bladder neoplasms or tumors invading the bladder, severe hematuria with surgical indication, and a minimum postoperative follow-up of 30 days were included. Data comprised sociodemographic, clinical, and surgical variables, as well as postoperative complications classified according to Clavien–Dindo. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied using chi-square and G tests of adherence, adopting a 5% significance level. Results: The sample included 63 patients, predominantly with low educational level and originating from inland areas of the state. Most patients had bladder cancer, ASA II surgical risk, and multiple comorbidities, particularly systemic arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Surgeries were mostly elective, with a predominance of radical cystoprostatectomy and Bricker urinary diversion. A high rate of postoperative complications was observed, mainly gastrointestinal and of low severity. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate high perioperative morbidity, reinforcing the need for multimodal analgesia protocols, nutritional surveillance, and optimized recovery strategies tailored to the regional context.
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