Keywords
Esketamine
Postpartum depression
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the use of ketamine and its derivative, esketamine, in the prevention of postpartum depression. Methods: An integrative literature review conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations and guided by the PICO strategy. The search was carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, and Virtual Health Library databases. Filters were applied for the publication period between 2021 and 2025 and for randomized controlled trial (RCT) study design. Results: Thirteen RCTs were included, evaluating different ketamine or esketamine administration regimens, predominantly in the perioperative context of cesarean sections, with a focus on the prevention of postpartum depression. A geographic concentration of studies was observed, mostly conducted in China, as well as heterogeneity regarding doses, routes of administration, timing of application, and instruments used to assess depressive outcomes. Final considerations: The analysis of RCTs indicates that ketamine and esketamine have been investigated as promising pharmacological strategies for the prevention of postpartum depression, especially in the perioperative setting. However, there is a clear need for further research conducted in different settings and using standardized protocols to better define the efficacy, safety, and role of these substances in promoting maternal mental health during the perinatal period.
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