Radiological protection practices for the occupational health of nursing workers in interventional radiology

Abstract

Objective: To map normative recommendations for radiological protection directed at the nursing team and to analyze, based on scientific literature, the adherence of practices in interventional radiology to current guidelines. Literature review: Radiological protection is based on the principles of justification, optimization, and dose limitation, combined with time, distance, and shielding factors. The use of personal and collective protective equipment, such as lead aprons, thyroid shields, protective eyewear, curtains, and barriers, contributes to reducing occupational exposure. Individual dose monitoring through dosimeters is essential for exposure control. Additionally, operational factors such as C-arm angulation, collimation, and fluoroscopy modes directly influence radiation levels. However, evidence indicates low adherence of the nursing team to normative recommendations, with inconsistent use of protective equipment, knowledge gaps, and weaknesses in incorporating these practices into care. Final considerations: A discrepancy is observed between normative recommendations and nursing practices. This scenario highlights the need for educational strategies, strengthening of institutional protocols, and promotion of a radiation protection culture aimed at reducing occupational exposure and improving worker safety.