Keywords
Quality of life
Self-care
Nursing
Depression
Enterostomal therapy
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the impact of a stoma on the quality of life, mental health, and self-care of people with a stoma, in light of Orem's Self-Care Theory. Methods: This is an integrative literature review. The search for studies was conducted in the second half of 2025 in PubMed, SciELO, BDENF, MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, and the CAPES Journals Portal. Combined descriptors and levels of evidence criteria were used for the selection of articles. Results: A total of 27 studies were analyzed and organized into four axes: physical self-care, psychological/emotional self-care, social self-care, and nursing interventions. Ostomy was associated with self-care deficits and reduced quality of life. Key predictors of psychological distress included altered self-image, fear of leakage and odors, and social isolation. Additionally, peristomal skin complications, sexual dysfunction, and socioeconomic vulnerability worsened outcomes, especially among women, older adults, and individuals living in non-metropolitan areas. Social support and specialized ostomy care were identified as protective factors. Final considerations: Ostomy negatively impacts mental health and quality of life, exacerbated by self-care deficits. Orem’s Theory highlights the importance of nursing in promoting autonomy and psychosocial rehabilitation.
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