Keywords
Precision nutrition
Genetic polymorphisms
Metabolic syndrome
Diet therapy
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the factors associated with individual responses related to gene–diet interactions and to understand the role of precision nutrition in the development of personalized nutritional strategies. Literature review: Metabolic Syndrome consists of a cluster of risk factors that increase susceptibility to several alterations in cellular metabolism, with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus being one of the main metabolic disorders associated with this condition. Given the complexity of this syndrome, Precision Nutrition, also referred to as predictive nutrition, has emerged as a promising approach for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. This strategy is based on the development of individualized nutritional recommendations grounded in specific biological and environmental characteristics, integrating genomic information, dietary patterns, and levels of physical activity. Scientific evidence indicates that genetic variants in genes such as FTO, MTHFR, APOE, LEP, LEPR, TCF7L2, GST, ACE, and PPARγ are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. The interaction between these genetic variants and environmental factors, particularly hypercaloric diets rich in lipids and sodium, significantly contributes to the increased risk of developing this syndrome. Final considerations: Precision nutrition, by integrating genetic, metabolic, and environmental information, has the potential to improve strategies for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome, enabling more effective and personalized nutritional interventions.
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