Abstract
Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of morbidity and mortality due to oncohematological diseases in Brazil, between 2002 and 2016. Methods: Descriptive study of time series. Data were extracted from the national information systems on Mortality and Hospital Admissions, from 2002 to 2016, analyzed in Excel and STATA software. Results: In general, there was an increasing trend in mortality and hospital morbidity rates due to oncohematological diseases in Brazil between 2002 and 2016. For deaths, there was an annual increase of 0.04 deaths/year by Leukemia, from 0.03/year per Lymphomas and 0.04/year for Myeloma, statistically significant (P = 0.000). The total number of men who died from these diseases was higher than women and the death rates for both sexes increased with age. The highest rates of hospitalization were found in the elderly, with a greater proportion of emergency care and a primary diagnosis of leukemia. The South and Southeast regions concentrated almost 70% of deaths and hospitalizations, but there was an important increase in these rates in the Northeast. Conclusion: The data show the profile of deaths and hospitalizations caused by oncohematological diseases, their regional distribution and reaffirm their importance for the evaluation of health services in oncology.