Abstract
Objective: To analyze the oral and dental characteristics ofleukemia patients, identifying the casuistic factors. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out, where the Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Science (Lilacs) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) databases were used to search scientific articles. Inclusion criteria were used: type of study, year of publication, language and availability access. Case reports, literature reviews, duplicates and those that did not meet the objectives of the review were excluded. Results: Of the 351 studies found in referred databases, only 17 met the inclusion criteria. Several histopathological changes were recorded in oral cavities of participants with leukemia. Mucositis, gingivitis, petechiae, ecchymosis, bleeding, ulcerations, mucous pallor, xerostomia, gingival hyperplasia, inflammation, alteration of microbiota and salivary composition were alterations found by the studies. Such changes are exacerbated by antineoplastic treatment, hematological conditions and oral hygiene of patient. Final Considerations: Patients with leukemia usually present histopathological changes in oral cavity and several factors influence the frequency, degree severity and type of lesion found.