Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of childhood cancer in the population met by a reference hospital in t[1]he state of Piauí during the period from January/2017 to December/2018. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study with assessment of the database from a hospital reference in pediatric oncology in Piauí. The sample included 196 patients aged between 0 and 19 years who received oncological treatment between January 2017 and December/2018. The variables analyzed were: gender, age, type of neoplasm and origin of patients. Results: Of the 196 patients evaluated, 52% were male. According to age range, 45% were aged over 10 years. The majority had diagnosis of leukemia (43.4%), followed by renal (16.4%) and bone (10.2%) tumor. Regarding origin, 85% of the patients were from Piauí and 15%, from Maranhão. Conclusion: among the population evaluated, the childhood cancer had a higher incidence among male individuals, coming from the countryside of Piauí, aged over 10 years and with leukemia as the most common type of neoplasm.