Abstract
Objective: To execute a comparative epidemiological analysis of cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in the municipality of Sobral. Methods: This is a descriptive, documentary and quantitative study. Data provided, referring to the periods from 2009 to 2013 and from 2014 to 2018, by the Ministry of Health, through the Information System of Notifiable Diseases, were used. The data of each variable were analyzed using descriptive statistics, by calculating the mean, standard deviation and percentiles, by year of occurrence. Finally, the results of each five-year period analyzed were compared. Results: There was a 19.59% decrease in the incidence rate, 28.52% in the mortality rate and 11.42% in the VL lethality coefficient. The prevalence of the disease in males, in the pediatric age group, in brown individuals and those with low schooling remained. In addition, there was a reversal of the urbanization phenomenon. Conclusion: The reduction in the incidence, mortality and lethality rates of the disease in the municipality reflects an improvement in the health system, from prevention to diagnosis and treatment. However, these rates still remain high when compared to other regions and the endemic nature of the disease in the municipality is still maintained.