Abstract
Objective: To report a case of aspergilloma as a sequel to pulmonary tuberculosis in a young and immunocompetent patient. Case Report: Male, 24-years-old, tiller. Admitted at the hospital for surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma, presenting dry cough for four months associated with episodes of massive hemoptysis. History of pulmonary tuberculosis in previous year adequately treated. He had a chest tomography showing a hollowed-out lesion with thick walls, in the posterior apex segment of the left upper lobe, containing a solid nodulation of contoured contours in the interior, movable in the decubitus position, suggesting overlying fungal colonization. He also had sputum smear microscopy and anti-HIV serologies 1 and 2 negatives. Reported treatment with Itraconazole 200mg 12/12hours during 20 days for about two months, with no clinical improvement. During hospitalization, he underwent a left upper lobectomy. Admitted to the ICU in the immediate postoperative period, where he presented a good evolution, followed by hospital discharge on the ninth postoperative day. Final Considerations: Pulmonary aspergilloma should be considered in all patients with a history of altered pulmonary architecture, especially those produced by tuberculosis, who have a respiratory history characterized by hemoptysis. Surgical treatment is considered the first choice, including in asymptomatic patients.