Abstract
Objective: Show through a narrative review on the importance of the dentist's role in the management of cancer patients for the best diagnosis and adequacy of the oral cavity before the beginning of treatment, during and after the radiotherapy treatment. Bibliographic Review: Radiotherapy is a non-selective treatment and can affect both neoplastic cells (that has tissue alteration) and healthy cells, which makes it toxic to the body. The adverse changes caused by radiotherapy in the head and neck region observed in patients who are undergoing antineoplastic treatment are oral mucositis, dysgeusia, xerostomia, acute dermatitis, radiation induced caries and osteoradionecrosis. These diseases lead to a significant loss of the patient's quality of life. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and understand the cause, prevention and treatment of sequelae that are resulting from radiotherapy. Final Considerations: Dental follow-up prior to radiotherapy is essential to prevent and reduce the incidence of oral complications and opportunistic infections.