Abstract
Objective: The current study aimed at reporting a clinical case of synovial chondromatosis in the right temporomandibular joint. Details of the case: When the physical exam was carried out, a volume increase in the right preauricular region, facial asymmetry and limited buccal opening were noticed; as well as deflection during the opening. The imaging exam (computerized tomography) showed a hyper dense image in the right temporomandibular joint region, covering all the right mandibular condyle. Therefore, an incisional biopsy of the region was accomplished and sent for a histopathological analysis, where the synovial chondromatosis diagnosis was made. As a final treatment, the total exeresis of the lesion was carried out under general anesthesia, with preauricular access. Currently, the patient is in the second postoperative year showing a satisfactory mouth opening and good buccal opening. The control tomographic exam showed no sign of remission. Final considerations: The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint is challenging. It is characterized by being a rare and commonly ruled out lesion from the initial differential diagnosis. Thus, it is relevant to perform radiological and histopathological exams to aid in the correct diagnosis.