Abstract
Objective: To point out the main errors and adverse events that affect patient safety in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), in conjunction with preventive measures, aimed at ensuring patient safety. Methods: This is a descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, through an Integrative Literature Review (RIL). The data collection was carried out during the month of January 2021, in the database of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), using the descriptors in health, patient safety AND intensive care unit, with 127 articles in total, after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles related to the topic were considered for review. Results: It was noticed that the main errors and failures that affect patients within an ICU are mainly related to three categories: nursing care, increased length of stay in the ICU and excessive workload in relation to the main AE pressure injury, falls and damage to vascular catheters were more prevalent. Final considerations: Given this, it becomes extremely important to pay attention to preventive measures with a possible prevention valve, such as AE-related complications.