Abstract
Objective: To identify and compare the epidemiological and clinical profile of children with respiratory distress who underwent rapid testing for RSV and / or swab for the H1N1 virus between 2016 and 2017. Methods: Data were collected from the RSV test control book and medical records at a hospital in the interior of São Paulo. Children under two years old with respiratory distress were included, who were tested for RSV and / or swab for the H1N1 virus, from April to June 2016 and 2017. For statistical analysis, Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used. (significant P = <0.05). Results: In 2016, 84 children were included, with a mean age of 6.1 months, 42.9% had a positive RSV. Of these, 33.3% (P = 0.0010) were admitted to the ICU, with a tendency to greater use (P = 0.0933) and time on mechanical ventilation (P = 0.0456). In 2017, 165 children were included, with an average age of 6.4 months, 49.1% had a positive RSV. Of these, 86.1% (P = 0.002) were diagnosed with bronchiolitis, 24.7% (P = 0.031) used hypertonic inhalation and 56.8% (P = 0.016) were treated with bronchiolitis. Conclusion: The incidence of RSV was higher in 2017, although in 2016, patients with positive RSV were hospitalized more frequently in the ICU, with longer duration and more frequent use of mechanical ventilation.