Abstract
Objective: Identify and review the causes of hospital diseases associated with non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (BGN-NF) in an intensive care unit (ICU) and their methods of control and prevention. Bibliographic review: The rate of infection by these microorganisms is low when compared to other bacterial groups, however, it becomes serious due to the high resistance to antimicrobial drugs. In addition, factors such as the physical environment and length of stay are ideal aspects for colonization by these types of bacteria. Diversity and dissemination can be caused by the large flow of patients who have undergone surgery, underlying disease, use of urinary and venous catheters, mechanical capacity, immunological profile, age and the use of immunosuppressive drugs, as well as empirical treatment with antibiotics and their improper use can make patients susceptible to disease. Final considerations: Constant measures of sterilization of the environment and materials used for rehabilitation in the ICU are essential to reduce the worsening of mortality rates as a result of this problem, making it possible to limit the appearance of microorganisms resistant to current existing drugs, problems thus related health care.