Abstract
Objective: Identify the difficulties encountered by dental professionals in assisting an indigenous population, the main oral diseases found in the Brazilian indigenous population, as well as to know their main causes. Bibliographic Review: The main difficulties experienced by health professionals in assisting the indigenous population are related to geographical barriers, communication, working conditions and cultural issues, where the professional-patient relationship ends up being compromised. In relation to oral diseases, the main causes are related to caries disease, and periodontal disease, where in turn, the factors that cause these diseases, are mainly related to the diet of these individuals, which in turn as physical and psychological restrictions can start directly in aspects of food. Another aspect is the cultural and socioeconomic factors; lack of access to fluoride; poor mechanical control of dental biofilm; frequent sugar consumption and hyposalivation. Final Considerations: The professionals of health, mainly dentists have like great trouble to professional-patient, due to sociocultural factors. The main diseases are caries and periodontal disease, caused mainly due to diet.