Abstract
Objective: Review the literature, updating the main uses and future perspectives of stem cells in plastic surgery and their application in aesthetic and functional restoration of tissues with congenital or acquired defects. Bibliographic review: Stem cells, especially mesenchymal cells, are pointed out in the literature with significant promising potential in the application of cell therapy, mainly due to their cell variety and high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, with a significant source of achievement subcutaneous tissue and skin, through surgical procedures. This biological material, removed in aesthetic procedures in plastic surgery, can be used and is efficient for tissue reconstruction, as in the treatment of scars, wounds and chronic fistulas and breast reconstructions. Barriers to be faced involve care for patient comorbidities, safety of biological material and costs of preparation. Despite this, studies have shown promising prospects for the growing development of these applications, given that stem cell therapy has managed to promote better results in terms of aesthetics. Final considerations: Considering the importance and advancement of regenerative medicine in plastic surgery with the use of stem cells, it is essential to understand its practice and therapeutic use.