Abstract
The Diabetic Retinopathy (RD) is a chronic complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Currently they is esteem that 7 the 8% of the world-wide population are carrying of this pathology, that if characterize for abnormal secretion of insulin, high levels of blood glucose and a variety of complications in white agencies, having as main the retinopathy. Amongst the causes of the anatomical alterations of the retina, we have that pathogeneses biochemist of the RD is the abnormality more consistently on to the beginning of the microvascular alterations, where when it interacts with the hemodynamic and endocrine alterations, they take the gradual loss of the vision for injury of the layers of the retina and nervous reception. With the objective of recognize the pathogenesis and microvascular alterations of Diabetic Retinopathy we performed a descriptive study of bibliographical revision by means of research the databases of articles of scientific literature. Amongst the recognized data, the diabetic retinopathy is a great decurrently complication of the not controlled DM, being necessary the emphasis in the preventive aspect of visual losses, through the precocious diagnosis, where the presence of any degree of RD, is crucial to look for to get optimum possible control of the arterial, glycemic pressure and of the lipídico profile, beyond the specific ophthalmologic treatment.