Abstract
Objective: To identify the main risk factors that contribute to early neonatal mortality from the maternal profile. Methods: Integrative review type study. Results. Among the studies, the factors related to the newborn were statistically associated with neonatal death, such as the neonatal vitality index below seven, the birth weight below 1500g, and the congenital malformation. However, the most important neonatal pathology that contributed to neonatal death was sepsis (69.35%) followed by septic shock (38.7%). Regarding obstetric characteristics, gestational age less than 30 weeks was indicative of extreme prematurity (56.5%). And 61.3% of the mothers were in a prevalent age range of 18 to 28 years of age. In Brazil, the coefficients of early, late and neonatal mortality were 7.3; 6.2 and 2.3 / 1000 live births, respectively. Conclusion: It is necessary to reassess the interventions and adequate health measures aimed at the mother-baby binomial, in order to minimize the impact of this health indicator.