Abstract
Objective: To demonstrate a case study of Aloimmune Neonatal Thrombocytopenia, a disease in which maternal anti-HPA1a antibodies penetrate the placental barrier and destroy fetal platelets that have the HPA1a antigen of paternal origin. Case details: Male newborn, by emergency cesarean delivery due to Pregnancy Specific Hypertensive Disease (PSHD), 34 weeks preterm, descendant of a young, Caucasian mother, first pregnancy and without autoimmune/immunological comorbidities, evolving with hypoglycemia, desaturation with central cyanosis and changes in the chest X-ray, showing bilateral infiltrations, requiring invasive ventilatory support and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, due to a strong suspicion of sepsis, however the test results showed only persistent thrombocytopenia, which showed improvement after diagnostic test with human immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. Final considerations: Despite being a rare condition and considered very serious, in this case the team was successful in clinical management, despite the technical laboratory conditions in the city do not allow accurate genetic tests to be carried out.