Abstract
Objective: To search the scientific literature for pertinente evidence to the principles of conservative treatment of caries, with emphasis on the occlusal and proximal surfaces and to demonstrate its efficiency in clinical practice. Bibliographic review: Even with many obstacles in the diagnosis of incipient tooth decay, and with all available technological apparatus, the practice of using non-operative mechanisms, with the beginning of mechanical removal as well as sealants in fissures and biofilm retaining structures, and topical application of fluoride are proven in the therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of active carious enamel lesions. The difficulty in deconstructing decades of conventional procedures for the treatment of incipiente caries on occlusal and proximal faces, confronts what is indoctrinated in universities, leading the professional to feel insecure when applying conservative techniques, not limited to the area of the lesion and consequently the loss of healthy tissue. Final considerations: The studies cited in this work maintain that it is possible to decrease the chance of developing caries in newly erupted teeth or to contain it. In proximal injuries, the priority is to prevent the occurrence and progression of the injury.