Abstract
Objective: To conceptualize and review non-compacted cardiomyopathy as a serious disease, its clinical presentation, its relationship with genetic factors and the importance of the Doppler echocardiogram in its diagnosis. Bibliographic review: The myocardium, along with the circulatory system, starts its development in the third gestational week, genetic alterations in the failure of myocardial compaction between the fifth and eighth week, lead to the persistence of trabeculations and deep recesses, which communicate with the ventricular cavity and generate myocardial thickening in two distinct layers (compacted and non-compacted). The first reports of this pathology date back to 1926, being a disease considered rare, but with considerable genetic factor. Final considerations: Non-compacted cardiomyopathy is often a disease underdiagnosed for being asymptomatic, but a good echocardiographic study, with an experienced and well-trained professional in the matter, is essential for its diagnosis, especially in young patients with a family history of the disease.