Abstract
Objective: To report the case of a patient with neurofibromatosis who developed Virchorwian Leprosy. Case details: Male patient, 42 years old, with type 1 neurofibromatosis, presented erythematous plaques - edematous greater than 3 cm on the trunk and upper limbs associated with edema of the hands and feet, thickening of the right ulnar nerve, nodules of Lisch in the iris, madarosis and infiltration of the nasal septum by bacilli. General bacilloscope index 2.75 for fragmented and intact bacilli, confirming the diagnosis of Virchowian leprosy and type 1 leprosy reaction. Final Considerations: The coexistence of leprosy with neurofibromatosis is a rare finding and may represent a diagnostic dilemma, given the clinical similarity between the two diseases. And, both linked to type I leprosy reaction, form a set of disorders that affect Schwann cells. In this context, further research is needed to better assess the association between neurofibromatosis and leprosy.