Abstract
Objective: To understand the correlation of anatomical structures involved in Roux-en-Y gastrectomy with therapeutic effects for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. Bibliographic review: Roux-en-Y Gastrectomy (RY) is a surgical procedure that is based on the deviation of the gastroenteric passages and formation of unnatural anatomical structures. It has a restrictive nature, as it is based on the formation of a gastric chamber with reduced storage capacity, and disabsorptive, due to the deviation performed by the jejunal structure and enteroenteric anastomosis. As a result, intense weight loss occurs. It is performed laparoscopically with two staples of the gastric sac, forming a gastric neochamber, with gastroenteroanastomosis and maintenance of the biliopancreatic loop. Abdominal lipolysis and decompression of abdominal structures by central fat, as well as reduced ghrelin secretion and increased GLP-1 synthesis, stand out as important therapeutic consequences. Final consideration: RY is the gold standard, safe and effective method for the treatment of obesity, systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The anatomical domain is essential for proper execution of the technique and minimization of adverse effects.