Abstract
Objective: To accomplish a literature review on investigation methods, screening and prevention of Retinopathy Of Prematurity (ROP) triggered by excessive oxygen supplementation. Bibliographic review: The view of the human species is relevant and for the child it has a unique role in normal physical-cognitive evolution. In preterm infants, it was observed that ROP can often be underdiagnosed and underestimated. It was emphasized that prematurity damage screening protocols must be implemented and followed in all Neonatal Units. In addition, a multidisciplinary team must be trained in order to try to minimize the risks associated with oxygen supplementation, especially in preterm infants. There is an important project, Actively Controlling Target Oxygen (Project COALA), which tries to prevent excessive oxygen supplementation in newborns Final considerations: It is challenging to control the amount of oxygen offered to preterm infants compared to the amount of oxygen needed in several other pathologies resulting from this neonatal period. Thus, it was inferred that for a better prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity, training and qualification of a multidisciplinary team in Neonatal Units must be carried out.