Abstract
Objective: To demonstrate the importance of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Bibliographic review: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an abnormal myocardial thickening in the absence of conditions that justify it, such as systemic arterial hypertension and aortic stenosis. It has different forms of presentation, with the asymmetric septal being the most common. It can occur in other less frequent locations, such as apical, concentric and right ventricle. Some cases evolve with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, when the peak gradient is greater than 30 mmHg at rest and 50 mmHg on exertion or after Valsalva maneuver. Mitral regurgitation, arrhythmias, diastolic and systolic dysfunction are other complications that may be present. Final considerations: Transthoracic echocardiography is the main diagnostic test for this pathology. It allows identifying and quantifying the severity of hypertrophy, its complications, in addition to providing important prognostic data regarding the risk of sudden cardiac death.