Abstract
Objective: To review previous studies dealing with the effectiveness of the measurement of the Specific Prostatic Antigen (PSA) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, in order to understand the need for screening in the target population, and to expose the implications of the positive result of the dosage of this protease. Bibliographic review: The use of serum PSA dosage proved to be effective in detecting the main prostatic diseases, but inefficient when used alone to differentiate between pathologies. Thus, it is necessary to use combined tests, such as digital rectal examination and PSA density. Moreover, the exclusive use of PSA dosage and its use outside the target population established by the studies have serious consequences for men's health in cases of positive results. Final considerations: Given the divergences in the indication for prostate cancer screening and the constant updating of data related to it, it is the duty of the health professional to keep up to date, aiming at the application of the test in a correct and well-applied way. In addition, it must be prepared to manage the impacts generated from the wide use of the PSA measurement, in order to ensure patient safety in all aspects.