Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the hypothesis that there was an increase in the number of cesarean sections after the implementation of Law n. 20.127 of 01/15/2020, as well as the impact on costs for the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study, with retrospective data collection from medical records of 331 pregnant women who underwent elective cesarean after the implementation of the Law. and, subsequently, a comparison to the same period in 2018 and 2019 was performed. The studied variables were compiled in a file, using the Microsoft Excel® program for further statistical analysis using the proportion test, adopting significance <0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Regarding the number of elective cesarean sections performed in 2020, it was concluded that there was an increase of 47.18% in the rate of cesarean sections and a reduction of 18.6% in vaginal deliveries, when compared to 2018. Regarding the cost, there was an increase of R$ 32,305.71 to the SUS. Conclusion: It is observed, therefore, that there is a tendency in society to perform cesarean sections, especially after the implementation of the aforementioned law, as well as a higher cost to public service.