A critical analysis of the use of different methods of conscious sedation in dentistry: an updated literature review

Abstract

Objective: Review the literature on the various aspects related to use of conscious sedation in dental practice, as well as sedation methods, in order to disseminate knowledge about these techniques. Bibliographic review: Control of anxiety is a constant challenge during dental care. The use of sedation techniques brings with it several advantages that help in treatments of special care patients and children, allowing the reduction of anxiety. Several techniques and drugs, such as benzodiazepines, nitrous oxide, antihistamines, opioids, chloral hydrate and the herbal medicine Valeriana officinalis were discussed in the present study, highlighting the mechanisms of action, administration routes, clinical advantages/disadvantages and the main adverse effects associated with each method. Final considerations: Conscious sedation provides greater comfort during dental treatments, especially in children and patients with special needs. Several drugs with sedative and hypnotic properties are available on the field, each with its clinical advantages and disadvantages. Knowledge about the various methods capable of reducing anxiety provides better behavioral control and comfort of patients during of dental care.