Palabras clave
Gusto
Ageusia
Disgeusia
Disfunción gustativa
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Resumen
Objetivo: Resume los conocimientos actuales sobre ageusia/disgeusia en pacientes post-COVID centrándose en la vía del gusto como posible puerta de entrada al sistema nervioso central. Revisión de la literatura: Los estudios observacionales han revelado que la pérdida del olfato y el gusto pueden ser más predictivos en el diagnóstico de COVID-19 que otros síntomas como la fatiga, la fiebre o la tos. La disfunción del gusto se asoció a una infección moderada por COVID-19. La duración de la ageusia/disgeusia es de siete días por término medio, y casi todos se recuperan en el plazo de un mes. Sin embargo, hay informes de pacientes cuyo gusto no ha vuelto a la normalidad durante periodos prolongados después de la infección y siguen teniendo alteraciones del gusto por determinados sabores. Consideraciones finales: Los mecanismos por los que se producen estas alteraciones aún no están bien aclarados, pero se sabe que existe un potencial neuroinvasor del SARS-CoV-2 que puede desempeñar un papel en la fisiopatología de las alteraciones del gusto, debido a un estado hiperinflamatorio, a la invasión viral en el sistema nervioso central y periférico, así como a reacciones inmunológicas postinfección.
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