Palabras clave
Ultrasonido
Elastografía
Fibrosis hepática
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Resumen
Objetivo: analizar la enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica y su relación con los hallazgos ecográficos. Revisión de la literatura: La enfermedad del hígado graso asociada con disfunción metabólica (MASLD) es un término nuevo que refleja el vínculo entre esta enfermedad con factores de riesgo metabólicos como la obesidad y la diabetes. Los métodos no invasivos, como la ecografía y la elastografía, están sustituyendo a la biopsia hepática en el diagnóstico, seguimiento y estratificación de la enfermedad. La ecografía sigue siendo el principal método de imagen para detectar MASLD, lo que permite clasificar subjetivamente la esteatosis en tres niveles: grado 1 (leve), grado 2 (moderado) y grado 3 (grave). Los métodos de elastografía, ya sean transitorios (FibroScan), ondas de corte (p-SWE y 2D-SWE) o imágenes por resonancia magnética, miden la rigidez del hígado, lo que permite la identificación y estratificación de la fibrosis. Entre ellos, la elastografía por resonancia magnética es la más precisa. Consideraciones finales: Dado el crecimiento y las repercusiones de MASLD, la detección temprana de pacientes en riesgo y la estratificación de la enfermedad para un manejo adecuado son importantes para evitar desarrollos desfavorables, como fibrosis significativa y avanzada. La ecografía, en particular, es esencial en la detección de MASLD, mientras que la elastografía desempeña un papel destacado en la estratificación de la fibrosis hepática.
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