Resumen
Objetivo: Resumir las indicaciones actuales para el uso del ácido tranexámico (TXA) en el tratamiento de pacientes víctimas de trauma con hemorragias intensas. Revisión bibliográfica: El TXA es una droga sintética similar a la lisina, identificada en 1962.Inicialmente, se utilizaba por su acción antifibrinolítica en el tratamiento de extracciones dentales en pacientes con coagulopatías hereditarias, metrorragia y hematuria. Actualmente, también destaca como un importante agente en el manejo de pacientes politraumatizados con hemorragias significativas, al impedir la unión del activador tisular del plasminógeno (tPa) a las moléculas de plasminógeno. De esta forma, el TXA inhibe la lisis de la fibrina y preserva el coágulo sanguíneo, resultando en una reducción del sangrado. Debido a esta relevancia, el TXA es considerado un medicamento esencial por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Consideraciones finales: El TXA ayuda a reducir la pérdida de sangre y mejora la supervivencia en casos de hemorragia en una amplia gama de pacientes. Se espera que los criterios actuales para la indicación de su uso sean ampliados. Estudios recientes confirman su seguridad y orientan su utilización, siempre que se respeten criterios de seguridad predefinidos.
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