Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de diversos entornos en el desarrollo cognitivo y la salud mental de los niños, identificando áreas específicas de deterioro y posibles intervenciones para apoyar un desarrollo saludable. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica integradora, que utilizó la base de datos PubMed Central (PMC), con la estrategia de búsqueda: (Environment) AND (Children) AND ((Cognitive Development) OR (Mental Health)) en el período de 2023 a 2024. Luego de aplicar la estrategia de búsqueda se encontraron 1426 artículos y se seleccionaron un total de 17 artículos para su análisis detallado. Resultados: Estudios han demostrado que la falta de seguridad emocional compromete habilidades como la comunicación, la socialización y la atención, además de aumentar el riesgo de problemas como agresión, hiperactividad y trastornos afectivos en los niños. La interacción entre padres e hijos es fundamental, ya que los entornos familiares acogedores y cohesivos promueven un mejor desarrollo lingüístico y conductual. El contexto socioeconómico juega un papel crucial en el neurodesarrollo, y las familias de nivel socioeconómico más bajo experimentan peores resultados debido a la falta de acceso a recursos esenciales. Consideraciones finales: Está claro que futuras investigaciones son fundamentales para profundizar en estas interacciones y desarrollar estrategias efectivas que garanticen un desarrollo saludable y una buena salud mental en niños de diferentes contextos.
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