Palabras clave
Enfermedad periodontal
Calidad de vida
Salud bucal
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción de los impactos de las condiciones bucales en la calidad de vida de pacientes fumadores, mediante el instrumento OHIP-14. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal con 48 pacientes fumadores atendidos en las clínicas odontológicas de la UFMA entre 2015 y 2016. Los criterios clínicos incluyeron índices periodontales como profundidad de sondaje, índice gingival, nivel de inserción clínica e índice de placa visible. Se aplicó el cuestionario OHIP-14 para medir los impactos en la calidad de vida relacionados con la salud bucal. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes eran del sexo masculino y tenían entre 20 y 40 años de edad. La prevalencia de periodontitis fue alta, siendo más común en los estadios I y II generalizados. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó un nivel medio de impacto en el OHIP-14, siendo mayor entre aquellos con mayor tiempo de hábito tabáquico. Las mujeres informaron un mayor impacto fuerte en comparación con los hombres. Además, el tiempo e intensidad del hábito de fumar mostraron asociación con una peor condición periodontal y mayor impacto en la calidad de vida. Conclusion: El tabaquismo influye negativamente en la salud periodontal y compromete la calidad de vida, especialmente en fumadores de larga duración.
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