Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre los hábitos alimentarios y los trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) en adultos y personas mayores. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal de base poblacional y domiciliario, realizado con 488 personas de 20 años o más. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Autoevaluación-20 (SRQ-20) para identificar la presencia de TMC. Los patrones alimentarios se obtuvieron mediante el Análisis de Componentes Principales, a partir de un registro alimentario de 24 horas. Las razones de prevalencia y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95 % se estimaron utilizando modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: Los TMC fueron más frecuentes entre las mujeres y las personas con menores niveles de escolaridad e ingresos. El mayor consumo (tercil 3) del patrón alimentario tradicional se asoció a una prevalencia un 34 % menor de TMC (modelo no ajustado). Por el contrario, el patrón alimentario ultraprocesado (tercil 2) se asoció a una prevalencia un 51 % mayor (no ajustado) y un 48 % mayor (ajustado) de TMC. Conclusión: Los resultados refuerzan la importancia de investigar el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados como factor asociado a los TMC, especialmente a la vista de la asociación observada en el segundo tercil.
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