Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características de la Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y la Colitis Ulcerosa (CU). Revisión bibliográfica: Los pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII) tienen deteriorada la calidad de vida diaria, ya que ambas enfermedades tienen mayor incidencia en pacientes jóvenes, quienes presentan síntomas frecuentes de dolor abdominal, diarrea y heces sanguinolentas, además de pérdida de peso y progresión crónica con ciclos repetidos de recaída y remisión. Se cree que surgen de la interacción de cuatro factores: ambientales, genéticos, de microbiota e inmunológicos Las EII son enfermedades autoinmunes crónicas que pueden presentar largos períodos de remisión o frecuentes recaídas, cuya etiología se desconoce. Consideraciones finales: La CU afecta la mucosa colónica y rectal de forma continua, formando erosiones y/o úlceras. Mientras que la EC se caracteriza por una afectación discontinua con compromiso transmural y/o fistuloso, que puede afectar cualquier región del tubo digestivo, desde la boca hasta el ano, pero principalmente la región ileocecal y perianal. Por lo tanto, es fundamental conocer y diferenciar estas enfermedades para brindar un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados, mejorando la calidad de vida.
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