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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH). Revisión bibliografíca: el TDAH se caracteriza por síntomas persistentes e incapacitantes de falta de atención y/o hiperactividad/impulsividad inapropiados para la edad. Es uno de los trastornos neuroconductuales más comunes de la infancia y puede afectar profundamente el rendimiento académico, el bienestar y las interacciones sociales de los niños. Además de los síntomas centrales, la desregulación emocional (como baja tolerancia a la frustración, irritabilidad, facilidad para experimentar emociones negativas y labilidad emocional) contribuye de manera independiente a las deficiencias funcionales. Consideraciones finales: El TDAH es la patología neuroconductual más frecuente en niños y adolescentes y tiene una alta prevalencia, ya que afecta alrededor del 5% de los niños en edad escolar, mientras que en adultos la prevalencia alcanza el 7,3% a nivel mundial. Se caracteriza por un inicio temprano, una combinación de comportamiento hiperactivo y pobremente modulado con marcada falta de atención y persistente falta de implicación en la tarea, y alcance sobre las situaciones y persistencia en el tiempo de estas características conductuales. Los fármacos estimulantes Anfetamina (AMP) y Metilfenidato (MPH) son el tratamiento farmacológico de primera línea para el TDAH y su eficacia ha sido ampliamente demostrada.
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