Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar las producciones científicas desarrolladas sobre la fisiopatología de la COVID-19 en la infancia. Revisión bibliográfica: El número de casos confirmados de COVID-19 entre niños es pequeño en comparación con otros grupos de edad. La mayoría de los casos entre los niños permanecen asintomáticos. Los niños con COVID-19 tienen síntomas más leves y menos hospitalizaciones y complicaciones potencialmente mortales. Se han descrito casos graves de la enfermedad como el Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico en niños. Comprender la invasión viral a través de la proteína Spike, las células epiteliales ACE 2 y la serina proteasa-2 transmembrana puede explicar la disminución de los casos pediátricos. Este grupo tiene una disminución de estas proteínas, lo que también contribuye a comprender el funcionamiento de los signos y síntomas pediátricos. En cuanto a la transmisión, se creía que los niños, por sus síntomas más leves, poco contribuían a su proliferación, pero actualmente hay evidencia de que pueden propagar la infección. Consideraciones finales: Es probable que los niños tengan diferencias en sus respuestas inmunitarias al virus. Al cubrir a esta población en nuevas investigaciones científicas, puede ser posible aumentar la preparación para enfrentar nuevas mutaciones emergentes tanto del SARS-CoV-2 como de otras patologías virales, trascendiendo nuevas endemias y pandemias, preparando y protegiendo el futuro de esta población.
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