Resumen
Objetivo: Describir el diagnóstico e inmunopatología del Síndrome de Sjögren Primario (PSS). Revisión bibliográfica: La SSP es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica, que promueve principalmente el daño inflamatorio en las glándulas lagrimales y salivales, a través de la infiltración de tejidos linfocíticos y que también puede afectar tejidos extraglandulares. En cuanto a su inmunopatología, se sabe que las células T y B juegan papeles igualmente relevantes. Los estudios revelan que los linfocitos T CD4+ y los linfocitos T CD8+ secretan citocinas proinflamatorias, como el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) y el interferón gamma (IFN-γ), producidos por las células Th1 e IL-17, producida por las células Th17, que contribuyen a la inflamación y al daño de las glándulas salivales. Las células B, por su parte, son responsables de la formación de tejido linfoide ectópico y de la sobreproducción de autoanticuerpos, principalmente Anticuerpos Antinucleares (ANA) y anticuerpos anti-antígeno A (anti-SSA), que son fundamentales en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El SSP se diagnostica utilizando los criterios de diagnóstico del American College of Rheumatology (ACR) y del American-European Consensus Group (AECG). Consideraciones finales: La inmunopatogénesis de la SSP involucra la participación de células T, células B, citocinas proinflamatorias y autoanticuerpos. Mejorar la comprensión de la etiopatogenia de SSP es esencial para el desarrollo de métodos de diagnóstico nuevos y más efectivos y la creación de opciones terapéuticas innovadoras.
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