Resumen
Objetivo: Reportar datos relevantes sobre el asma infantil para permitir el conocimiento de la enfermedad, dada su prevalencia e importancia en Brasil y el mundo. Revisión bibliográfica: El asma es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por una inflamación duradera de las vías respiratorias. En el caso de los factores de riesgo, al tratarse de una enfermedad multifactorial, una serie de variables influyen en el resultado de su afectación, como son los factores ambientales, personales y genéticos. En cuanto a la fisiopatología, es una condición inmune mediada por reacciones de hipersensibilidad que implican Inmunoglobulina E (IgE), lo que desencadenará una cascada de reacciones inflamatorias que conducen a la proliferación de mastocitos y, en consecuencia, una respuesta patológica exacerbada que afecta el flujo de aire reversiblemente, y puede tener un amplio componente genético. Además, la farmacoterapia se divide en dos grupos, el de los medicamentos para el mantenimiento del flujo de aire regular y los de tratamiento sintomático. Consideraciones finales: Esta revisión narrativa presentó el escenario actual de los estudios sobre el asma infantil, procurando contribuir al conocimiento científico sobre los aspectos estudiados en esta población hasta la fecha.
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