Palabras clave
Paquetes de atención al paciente
Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador
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Resumen
Objetivo: Describir las principales actualizaciones del paquete Neumonía asociada al ventilador (VAP), así como relacionarlas con evidencias encontradas en la literatura. Revisión bibliográfica: Los componentes del paquete VAP incluyen lo siguiente: mantener una posición elevada (30-45°); ajustar diariamente el nivel de sedación y la prueba de respiración espontánea; aspirar la secreción subglótica de forma rutinaria; realizar higiene bucal con antisépticos; uso juicioso de bloqueadores neuromusculares; dar preferencia al uso de ventilación mecánica no invasiva; cuidado con el circuito del ventilador; indicación y cuidados con humidificadores; indicación y cuidados con el sistema de aspiración; evitar la extubación y reintubación no programada (accidental); monitoreo de la presión del manguito; dar preferencia a la intubación orotraqueal; cuidado con inhaladores y nebulizadores; sonda enteral en posición gástrica o pospilórica; Procesamiento de productos de asistencia respiratoria. Aunque existe cierto desacuerdo con respecto a los componentes específicos del paquete entre algunos investigadores, se ha logrado la reducción de la VAP siempre que haya un alto nivel de cumplimiento (superior al 95 %) de los componentes básicos del paquete. Con una adherencia tan alta, la VAP puede prevenirse eficazmente. Consideraciones finales: Se considera que el paquete de medidas preventivas puede salvar vidas y reducir costos de tratamiento, por lo que se recomienda realizar más estudios observacionales en cuanto a la efectividad de los paquetes en UCI.
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