Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características de la Enfermedad Hemorroidal (EH). Revisión bibliográfica: Las hemorroides son el prolapso distal del haz arteriovenoso, las fibras musculares y el tejido conectivo circundante como una envoltura por debajo de la línea dentada en el canal anal. Son una de las principales causas de hemorragia digestiva baja y la patología anorrectal más común, con una prevalencia de hasta el 40% en la población general, observándose la mayor incidencia en pacientes entre 45 y 65 años. La fisiopatología es multifactorial e incluye: almohadilla anal deslizante; hiperperfusión del plexo hemorroidal; anormalidad vascular; inflamación del tejido; y prolapso rectal interno (redundancia rectal). Consideraciones finales: La HD es una condición que disminuye la calidad de vida de los individuos, estando asociada a condiciones que provocan aumento de la presión en el plexo venoso hemorroidal, como pujo durante la defecación, embarazo, sexo anal, cirrosis con ascitis, disfunción del piso pélvico y baja -Dieta de fibra y costumbre occidental de pasar más tiempo defecando debido a la lectura durante el acto o al uso del celular. En este contexto, el tratamiento se realiza de acuerdo a la gravedad de la hemorroide y puede ser conservador o quirúrgico.
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