Palabras clave
Bacteriuria
Pediatría
Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana
Farmacorresistencia Microbiana
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Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar los principales patógenos involucrados en la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) en pediatría y evaluar su sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos utilizados para el tratamiento de la ITU. Revisión bibliográfica: La ITU es una de las infecciones más frecuentes en la población pediátrica. Por su relevancia y su potencial para conducir a alteraciones renales crónicas, especialmente en lactantes, su diagnóstico precoz es fundamental para la reducción de estas comorbilidades. La terapia antimicrobiana generalmente se inicia empíricamente antes de que los resultados del cultivo de orina estén disponibles. Teniendo en cuenta que Escherichia coli es la principal bacteria causante de ITU en pediatría, a pesar de la creciente tasa de resistencia bacteriana, aún muestra sensibilidad a carbapenémicos, cefalosporinas de tercera generación, cefalosporinas de cuarta generación y aminoglucósidos. Consideraciones finales: La ITU es una patología en la que se debe atender lo antes posible después de realizado el diagnóstico, para evitar daños futuros. El uso del urocultivo para el diagnóstico es importante para identificar qué patógeno está involucrado para determinar el tratamiento más adecuado, reduciendo el riesgo de complicaciones del tracto urinario y la resistencia bacteriana.
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