Palabras clave
Mortalidad
Pie Diabético
Revisión
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Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar los principales factores de riesgo de mortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes con úlceras del pie diabético. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando los siguientes descriptores: “diabetic foot”, “diabetic feet”, “diabetic foot ulcer”, “diabetic foot complication”, “mortality” y “death”. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2022 que reportaron la mortalidad a largo plazo de pacientes con úlceras de pie diabético. Resultados: 11 artículos conformaron la muestra final de este estudio, con mayor frecuencia de estudios retrospectivos (n: 05). Se identificó que los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad a largo plazo de los pacientes con úlcera de pie diabético fueron: edad avanzada, nivel socioeconómico bajo, tabaquismo, duración de la diabetes, enfermedad renal crónica, enfermedad arterial periférica, mayor grado de severidad de la úlcera y presencia de amputación previa. Conclusión: Se concluye que varias condiciones pueden aumentar la probabilidad de muerte a largo plazo en pacientes con úlceras de pie diabético, tales como las características clínicas generales y de la úlcera y las características sociodemográficas. De esta forma, el cribado y manejo de estos factores de riesgo deben seguir siendo aspectos importantes de las políticas de promoción de la salud.
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