Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características del Síndrome de Cushing (CS). Revisión bibliográfica: El CS es causado por la exposición prolongada a altos niveles circulantes de cortisol. La mayoría de los casos de SC están mediados de forma exógena, a través de la administración de glucocorticoides. El SC endógeno es mucho más raro y tiene una incidencia anual de 3 casos por 1.000.000 de individuos. El SC endógeno ocurre por mecanismos dependientes o independientes de la hormona adrenocorticotropina (ACTH). Las características comunes de SC incluyen depósito de grasa centrípeta, estrías abdominales, plétora facial, atrofia muscular, pérdida de densidad ósea, inmunosupresión y complicaciones cardiovasculares. Consideraciones finales: El SC es un grave problema de salud con complicaciones musculoesqueléticas, cardiovasculares y neuropsiquiátricas. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante sospecha clínica y pruebas de cribado: prueba de supresión con dexametasona 1 mg, cortisol salival nocturno o cortisol libre urinario elevado. El tratamiento de elección del SC es la resección quirúrgica de la lesión primaria que condujo al exceso de cortisol. Además, las opciones farmacológicas pueden utilizarse en los casos en que exista contraindicación quirúrgica o como coadyuvante del método operatorio.
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