Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar en la literatura modelos animales utilizados para la investigación con el virus Zika con cuantificación de carga viral y análisis histopatológico. Métodos: Es una revisión sistemática redactada según el método PRISMA (2020). Los autores realizaron una búsqueda inicial de artículos en PubMed, Embase, Google Académico, LILACS y Scielo. Resultados: Inicialmente, se encontraron 735 artículos, 27 de los cuales fueron incluidos después de la evaluación por los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los ratones y primates no humanos fueron los más utilizados (88,89%). La cepa viral más frecuente fue PRVABC59 (Puerto Rico, 2015) y, en 77,78% de los estudios, el virus se inoculó por vía subcutánea. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas más reportadas se encontraron conjuntivitis/secreción ocular, parálisis de los miembros inferiores, letargia y postura arqueada. Los análisis histopatológicos se realizaron principalmente en el cerebro y la presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio y degeneración celular fueron las alteraciones más comunes. Consideraciones finales: Todos los modelos animales analizados mostraron manifestaciones clínicas relevantes de la infección por el virus del Zika. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios investigan el daño cerebral, no caracterizando cambios histopatológicos en otros órganos. Además, considerando la amplia biodiversidad de especies, se pueden investigar nuevos modelos animales.
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ICTV. Genus: Flavivirus. Disponível em: https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202103123. Acessado em: 4 de abril de 2023.
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