Palabras clave
Niños
Adolescentes
Medidas Terapéuticas
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los retos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial primaria pediátrica, considerando la efectividad del diagnóstico, la adherencia al tratamiento, la calidad de vida, el control de la presión arterial y el impacto a largo plazo. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora desarrollada mediante la búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed, utilizando la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda (((Hypertension) AND ((Child) OR (Adolescent)) AND (((Treatment) AND (Diagnosis) OR (Management)) NOT ((Adulto) OR (Recién nacido) OR (Embarazo)). Se encontraron 3075 artículos, 60 de los cuales fueron preseleccionados tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se eliminaron 41 tras la lectura y el análisis iniciales, con un total de 19 para el análisis completo. Resultados: Los estudios señalan la relación entre la obesidad y el sedentarismo y los casos de hipertensión pediátrica. Al tratarse de una enfermedad silente con síntomas inespecíficos, el tratamiento y abordaje tardíos pueden conducir a un aumento de los eventos cardiovasculares. Se hace hincapié en las medidas dietéticas como principal abordaje terapéutico, con pocos estudios centrados en los fármacos utilizados cuya seguridad está confirmada. Consideraciones finales: Se subraya la importancia de los cambios en el estilo de vida, así como de las medidas de cribado rigurosas para prevenir futuras complicaciones.
Referencias
ALABDULKADER AM, et al. Pediatric Hypertension: Parent Perspectives. Glob Pediatr Health, 2020; 7: 2333794X20981340.
ANGOORANI P, et al. Determinants of childhood blood pressure using structure equation model: the CASPIAN-V study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2020; 20(1): 193.
BARATI L, et al. Overweight and obesity: worldwide risk factors for pediatric hypertension. Revista ARYA atherosclerosis, 2021; 18: 1-6.
CHAIG A, et al. Detecting and Managing Childhood Onset Hypertension in Africa: A Call to Action. Current Hypertension Reports, 2023; 1-20.
CHEN Y, et al. Characteristics of pediatric inpatients with primary and secondary hypertension. Pediatr Investig, 2021; 5(1): 28-32.
COULTHARD MG. Managing severe hypertension in children. Pediatric Nephrology, 2023; 1: 11.
FISHMAN B, et al. Adolescent Hypertension and Risk for Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Study of 1.9 Million Israeli Adolescents. Diabetes Care, 2021; 44(1): 6-8.
GENOVESI S, et al. GENOVESI, Simonetta et al. Effects of lifestyle modifications on elevated blood pressure and excess weight in a population of Italian children and adolescents. American journal of hypertension, 2018; 31(10): 1147-1155.
GUZMAN-LIMON M, et al. Pediatric Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2019; 66(1): 45-57.
HE H, et al., Body composition and serum total calcium were associated with blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 7–18 in China: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2020; 7: 411.
HSU CY, et al. Are Body Composition Parameters Better than Conventional Anthropometric Measures in Predicting Pediatric Hypertension?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020; 17(16): e5771.
IZADI A, et al. The intake assessment of diverse dietary patterns on childhood hypertension: alleviating the blood pressure and lipidemic factors with low-sodium seafood rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Lipids in health and disease, 2020; 19(1): 1-13.
JONES L, et al. 20 years on - the measurement of blood pressure and detection of hypertension in children and adolescents: a national descriptive survey. J Hum Hypertens, 2023; 1: 15.
KHARBANDA EO, et al. Improving hypertension recognition in adolescents, a small but important first step in cardiovascular disease prevention. Academic pediatrics, 2020; 20(2): 163-165.
LEOPOLD S, ZACHARIAH JP. Pediatric Obesity, Hypertension, Lipids. Curr Treat Options Pediatr, 2020; 6(2): 62-77.
LURBE E, et al. Joint statement for assessing and managing high blood pressure in children and adolescents: Chapter 1. How to correctly measure blood pressure in children and adolescents. Revista Fontiers in pediatrics, 2023; 11: 1-9.
MOURATO FA, et al. Height-based equations can improve the diagnosis of elevated blood pressure in children. American Journal of Hypertension, 2018; 31(9): 1059-1065.
ORTIZ-PINTO MA, et al. Association between general and central adiposity and development of hypertension in early childhood. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2019; 26(12): 1326-1334.
PERAK AM, BENUCK I. Preserving Optimal Cardiovascular Health in Children. Pediatr Ann, 2018; 47(12): e479–e486.
QIAN, Qin et al. Real-World Prescribing Patterns for Hypertensive Children in China from 2018 to 2021: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2023; 287-299.
RAINA R, et al. Hypertensive crisis in pediatric patients: an overview. Revista Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2020; 8: 1-17.
REDON J, et al. Narrative update of clinical trials with antihypertensive drugs in children and adolescents. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022; 9: e1042190.
SINHA R, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guidelines for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents: what is new?. Indian Pediatrics, 2019; 56(4): 317-321.
THOMAS J, et al. Pediatric hypertension: Review of the definition, diagnosis, and initial management. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2022; 9(1): 1-6.
WANG Z, et al. Clinical follow-up study of 166 cases of children with hypertension. Translational Pediatrics, 2021; 10(7): 1834.
WÜHL E, et al. Joint statement for assessing and managing high blood pressure in children and adolescents: Chapter 2. How to manage high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Front Pediatr, 2023; 11: e1140617.