Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los impactos fisiológicos de la semaglutida en pacientes obesos y sobrepesos. Métodos: Para esta revisión se utilizan las bases de datos Scielo, Scopus y PubMed, con artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2023 y seleccionados mediante la herramienta Rayyan. Al final del estudio, se seleccionaron inicialmente 20 artículos de entre todos los hallazgos utilizando criterios de inclusión como pertinencia, relevancia, alcance de abordajes teóricos y prácticos. Resultados: El uso de semaglutida mostró una mayor reducción del peso corporal en comparación con otras intervenciones, mantuvo el peso después del tratamiento y mejoró varios aspectos relacionados con la calidad de vida. Por otro lado, presentó varios problemas gastrointestinales que incluso provocaron algunos abandonos durante el proceso de tratamiento. Además, se identificaron algunas contraindicaciones importantes y efectos adversos a considerar. Consideraciones finales: Se considera que la semaglutida, a pesar de los diversos efectos adversos, principalmente gastrointestinales, demostró ser una solución eficiente para la pérdida de peso.
Referencias
AMARO SW. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide for weight management: evidence from the STEP program. Postgraduate medice, 2022; 134(0): 5-17.
CHAO AM, et al. Clinical Insight on Semaglutide for Chronic Weight Management in Adults: Patient Selection and Special Considerations. Drug design, development and therapy, 2022; 16: 4449-4461.
DAVIES M, et al. Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England), 2021; 397(10278): 971-984.
FRIENDRICHSEN M, et al. The effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on energy intake, appetite, control of eating, and gastric emptying in adults with obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2021; 23(3): 754-762.
GARVEY WT, et al. Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial. Nature medicine, 2022; 28(10): 2038-2091.
GHUSN W, et al. Weight Loss Outcomes Associated With Semaglutide Treatment for Patients With Overweight or Obesity. JAMA Netw Open, 2022; 5(9): 2231982.
HU Y, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of 4 GLP-1RAs in the treatment of obesity in a US setting. Annals of translational medicine, 2022; 10(3): 152.
JENSEN AB, et al. Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Liraglutide and Semaglutide for the Treatment of Weight Regain After Bariatric surgery: a Retrospective Observational Study. Obesity Surgery, 2023; 33: 1017-1025.
KNOP FK, et al. Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet (Londo, England), 2023; 402 (10403): 705-719.
KOSIBOROD MN, et al. Design and Baseline Characteristics of STEP-HFpEF Program Evaluating Semaglutide in Patients With Obesity HFpEF Phenotype. JACC, 2023; 11(81): 1000-1010.
KUSHNER RF, et al. Semaglutide 2.4 mg for the Treatment of Obesity: Key Elements of the STEP Trials 1 to 5. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2020; 28(6): 1050-1061.
KYRILLOS J. Semaglutide 2.4-mg injection as a novel approach for chronic weight management. The American journal of managed care, 2022; 28(15): S297-S306.
ROSENBERG K. Diabetes Drug AIDS Weight Reduction in Adults. The American journal of nursing, 2021; 121(5): 71.
RUBINO DM, et al. Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2021; 325(14): 1414-1425.
RUBINO DM, et al. Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2022; 327(2): 138-150.
TAN H, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2022; 37(2): 65-72.
VERMA S, et al. Effects of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on C-reactive protein in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1, 2, and 3): Exploratory analyses of three randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials. eClinicalMedicine, 2023; 55: 101737.
WHARTON S, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022; 24(1): 94-105.
WHARTON S, et al. Two-year effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on control of eating in adults with overweight/obesity: STEP 5. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2023; 31(3): 703-715.
WILDING JPH, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. The New England journal of medicine, 2021; 384(11): 989-1002.
